Electronic Shelf Labels: Zvavari, Mashandiro Avanoita, uye Zvazvinoreva kune Vatengi

Masherufu emagetsi masherufu (ESLs), anonziwo madhijitari emitengo kana masherufu edhijitari, ari kuita midziyo yakajairika muzvitoro zvegirosari zvekuAmerica. Walmart inoronga kuva navo munzvimbo dze2,300 ne 2026. Kroger, Whole Foods, Amazon Fresh, uye nhamba inokura yemaketani ematunhu atovashandisa.

Iwe unogona kunge wakaverenga misoro yenyaya nezve "mitengo yekuwedzera" uye uchinetseka kana zvitoro zvichatanga kubhadharisa yakawanda ice cream kana kunze kuchipisa. Maseneta akanyora tsamba. Social media yakawedzera kutya. Ufakazi hunoratidzirei chaizvoizvo? Chinyorwa chino chinopindura izvo - uye chinobata tekinoroji, kukanganisa kwevatengi, mashandiro, uye ndiani arikuona.

Chii chinonzi Electronic Shelf Labels?

The basics

Sherufu yemagetsi iratidziro yebhatiri{0}ine simba redhijitari inonamira kumucheto wesherufu paigara mutengo webepa. Panzvimbo pechinamira chakadhindwa, unoona skrini diki inoratidza mutengo, zita rechigadzirwa, uye dzimwe nguva ruzivo rwekuwedzera senge kukwidziridzwa, mutengo wemayuniti, kana QR kodhi.

Mhando inonyanya kushandiswa inoshandisa tekinoroji ye-inki (electronic ink) - chiratidziro chimwechete chinowanikwa muvaverengi veKindle e{2}}. E-mainki masikirini anopedza simba chete kana mufananidzo wachinja, ndosaka bhatiri rimwe chete richigona kushandisa ESL kwemakore mashanu kusvika gumi. Kuti tione zvakadzamae-ink display cost and lifespan, kusanganisira kuti iyo equation inotamba sei kune vatengesi pachiyero, iwo manhamba ane nuanced kupfuura iyo yakawanda yekuvhara inoratidza.

Masherufu emagetsi masherufu anoshanda sei?

Maitiro kubva pakuchinja mutengo kuenda kusherufu kuratidza iri nyore pane zvazvinonzwika. Kuti uwane kuparara kwakazara kwehunyanzvi, onamasherufu esherufu emagetsi anoshanda sei- asi heino vhezheni pfupi:

1. Maneja kana masisitimu emitengo anotanga kuvandudza mutengo panzvimbo yepakati pechitoro-ye-sese (POS) software.
2. Iyo update inofambisa pasina wireya - kuburikidza neredhiyo frequency (RF), Bluetooth, kana proprietary sub-GHz network - kune-muchitoro nzvimbo yekuwana.
3. Nzvimbo yekupinda inosundira mutengo mutsva kune chaiyo ESL pasherufu.
4. Iyo e-inki kuratidza inozorodza. Izvi zvinotora masekonzi mashoma.
5. Nekuti iyo ESL inobatanidza yakananga kuPOS system, mutengo wesherufu uye mutengo werejista zvinogara zvakawiriraniswa.

Iko kuwiriranisa kunokosha kupfuura zvazvinonzwika. Mapepa ma tag anodonha, anokanganiswa, kana kugara asina kuchinjika mushure mekutengesa kwapera. ESL inobvisa kusawirirana ikoko - zvaunoona ndizvo zvaunobhadhara.

Ndezvipi zvitoro zviri kuzvishandisa?

MaESL anga akajairika mumacheni egirosari ekuEurope kubva kuma1990s - Carrefour yekuFrance neRewe yekuGermany zvakaatora makumi emakore apfuura, pasina magwaro anoratidza zviitiko zvekukwira kwemitengo panguva iyoyo. Kutorwa kweUS kwakawedzera zvakanyanya muna 2023-2024. Kuti uwane pfupiso yezvino yemasherufu emagetsi masherufu muzvitoro zvegirosari, nzvimbo yacho inopfuura kure nemazita emusoro wenyaya:

• Walmartakatanga kutyaira ESL muGrapevine, Texas muna 2024 uye akazvipira kuzvitoro zviuru zviviri nemazana matatu panosvika 2026. Ona tsananguro yeWalmart's dijitari sherufu rabel kuburitsa.
• Kroger, Whole Foods,uyeAmazon Freshvatozvishandisa mumisika yakati wandei.
• Schnucks, cheni yedunhu reMidwestern, yaive pakati pevakatanga kutora US.
• Vemagirosa vakazvimiririra vakaaisawo - imwe mari yekushuma yevashandi ingangoita maawa makumi mashanu pasvondo pamabasa ekugadzirisa mitengo chete.

Musika wepasi rose weESL waifungidzirwa pamadhora bhiriyoni gumi nemazana masere neshanu muna 2024 uye unofungidzirwa kuti uchasvika mabhiriyoni manomwe nemazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu emadhora panosvika 2033, maererano neGrand View Research - ingangoita gumi neshanu muzana kukura kwegore.

Iyo Surge Pricing Gakava: Humbowo hunoti chii?

Usati warava mberi, cherechedza kuti uyu ndiwo mubvunzo uyo vanhu vazhinji vakauya pano kuzopindura. Ongororo yakazara iri mukatiita masherufu emagetsi masherufu anogonesa mitengo inochinja- asi mhinduro pfupi ndeyekuti: kwete, kwete mukuita. Heino chikonzero.

Nei vatengesi nevemitemo vachinetsekana

Kunetseka kwacho kunonzwisisika. Zvishandiso zvakaita seUber zvakajairisa mitengo yekuwedzera - kudiwa kwepamusoro, mutengo wepamusoro. Pakapararira nhau dzekuti Walmart naKroger vaiisa ma tag edhijitari anogona kugadzirisa "kusvika katanhatu paminiti," kunetseka kuri pachena kwaive: zvitoro zvegirosari zvichaitawo here?

Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2024,Seneta Elizabeth Warren naBob Casey vakanyorera kuKroger's CEO, yambiro yekuti ESLs inogona kugonesa zvitoro kuti "zvienzanise kukwira kwemitengo kuti zvibvise mari yakawanda" zvichienderana nenguva yezuva, mamiriro ekunze, kana mamwe mamiriro. Kushushikana kwakabva kwasvika. Social media yakamhanya nazvo.

Digital infrastructure inoita, nedzidziso, kuti zvinodiwa{{0}zvinoenderana nemitengo zvive nyore kushandisa. Ndicho chinhu chiri pamutemo chekuongorora.

Izvo zvakawanikwa netsvagurudzo

Apa ndipo apo iyo data inosiyana zvakanyanya kubva pakutya.

Vatsvakurudzi Robert Sanders (UC San Diego's Rady School of Management) naIoannis Stamatopoulos (University of Texas kuAustin) vakaongorora makore mashanu edatha yemitengo - 2019 kusvika ku 2024 - muzvitoro zvinodarika 100 pacheni huru yegirosari yekuUnited States yakatora maESL panguva iyoyo. Vanga vachinyatsotsvaga-yakararama, isingatsanangurike mitengo yakakwira ine chekuita nezvinodiwa.

Mhedziso yavo, yakaburitswa muna 2025:"Isu tinowana hapana kana mitengo yekuwedzera isati yatanga kana mushure mekutora ESL."

ESL isati yaiswa, zvingangoita 1 muzvigadzirwa 20,000 zvairatidza chero maitiro akafanana neakakwira-pateni yemitengo. Mushure mekuiswa, nhamba iyoyo haina kuwedzera zvine musoro. Kana paine chero chinhu, chiitiko chedhiresi chakawedzera zvishoma - chichienderana nezvitoro zvinoshandisa tekinoroji kufambisa zvinoparara nekukurumidza.

"Dai zvinyorwa zvedhijitari zvanga zvichikonzera kukwira kwemitengo, ungatarisira kuwedzera kunoonekwa mukushanduka kwemitengo," akadaro Robert Sanders. "Panzvimbo iyoyo, hatina kuona mutsauko unoreva pamberi uye mushure mekugadzwa."

Sei pricing yekuwedzera isingaite magirosa

Tsvagiridzo imwecheteyo inopa tsananguro yezvimiro yekuti sei izvi zvaigara zvisingaite.

Zvitoro zvegirosari zvinoshanda pamiganho inoita 1-3% purofiti. Vanoita mari pavhoriyamu uye vanodzokorora vatengi - kwete pakudzvanya mabhindauko ega ega. Chimwe chiitiko chakashata chemitengo chinogona kutumira mhuri zvachose kune anokwikwidza mhiri kwemugwagwa.

"Kusiyana neUber kana mahotera, zvitoro zvegirosari hazviwani mari nechinhu chimwe chete - zvinogadzira mari nebhasiketi rako rose uye nekuvimbika kwako-kwenguva refu," akadaro Ioannis Stamatopoulos. Mitengo isingatarisike ndeye-kuzvikunda mumhando iyoyo.

Hazvirevi kuti kushandisa zvisizvo hazvibviri. Asi kuzviuru zvezvitoro uye mamirioni emitengo yemitengo, hazvisi kuitika.

ESL vs. Traditional Paper Tags

Heano kuenzaniswa kwemasherufu masherufu emagetsi nemategi emapepa pamativi akanyanya kukosha - kune vatengesi nevatengesi. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, onaemagetsi masherufu mavara vs mapepa mapepa.

Zvinorehwa neElectronic Shelf Labels kune Vatengi

Makomborero chaiwo

Kurongeka kwemitengo ndiko kuhwina kwakajeka. Mapepa ma tag anobviswa, anopera, kana kusavandudzwa kana kutengesa kwapera. ESLs inobvisa icho chikamu chekukanganisa - mutengo wesherufu uye kunyoresa mutengo match, zvakavimbika.

Mazhinji masisitimu anoratidzawo zvinopfuura mutengo chete. Mitengo yeyuniti (mutengo paaundi kana pound), mazuva ekupedzisira ekushambadza, uye maQR makodhi ane hukama neruzivo rwechigadzirwa kana kuderedzwa kwekuvimbika ari kuwedzera kuwanda maficha eelectronic shelf labelingmasisitimu munzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzekutengesa.

Kune vanotora maodha epamhepo, maESL anopa imwe mhando yekubatsira zvachose. Instacart's Carrot Tags system inoshandisaretail electronic sherefu mavaraiyo kupenya kana kubwaira painobatidzwa, kutungamira vanhongi vakananga kune chaiyo chigadzirwa pasherufu - ichicheka kuzadzikiswa nguva zvakanyanya.

Zvinetso zviri pamutemo

Pakuyera masherufu emagetsi anonyora zvazvakanakira nezvazvakaipira kubva pakuona kwemutengi, zvinhu zvitatu zvinonetsa zvinouya nguva nenguva - uye zvese zvakafanira kukoshesa:

• Mitengo yakasarudzika:Hapana humbowo huri kuitika nhasi, asi tekinoroji inogona kubvumira mitengo yakasiyana yevatengi vakasiyana kana yakabatana nekadhi rekuvimbika profiles. Yakakodzera kutariswa sezvo masisitimu anowedzera kuwanda.
• Digital divide:Zvimiro zvakaita seQR kodhi zvinoda smartphone kuti iwane. Vatengi vasina mumwe - kana vasina kugadzikana nehunyanzvi - vanowana ruzivo rwakaderedzwa. Iyo yakakosha mutengo kuratidza yakanaka; iyo yakawedzerwa maficha inoita gap rekuwana.
• Kuunganidzwa kwedata:ESL chikamu chekufamba kwakatambanuka kuenda kune-nguva chaiyo retail analytics. Kuti iyo data inochengetwa uye kushandiswa sei mubvunzo une musoro kubvunza, kunyanya sezvo kugona kwemunhu kuchikura.

Zvinotaurwa nevatengi

Maonero akasanganiswa zvechokwadi. Vatengi vazhinji vanoti vanotenda kujeka uye kuverenga kweESL zviratidziro - kunyanya muzvikamu zvinotonhorera uye mufiriza, apo mapeji emapepa anowanzo kumonereka kana kusanyorwa. Iko kuwiriranisa nerejista kunotendwawo nemunhu wese akambobhadhariswa mari yakawanda nekuda kwe stale promotion label.

Vamwe vanoratidza kusavimba kwomuzvarirwo. "Izvo makambani anopesana nevanhu," mumwe mutengesi wekuCanada akaudza mutori wenhau weAP mushure mekunge Loblaws yemunharaunda yake achinja kune zvinyorwa zvedijiti. Kuita ikoko hakuna kubva pane chimwe chiitiko chemitengo - imhinduro kukuchinja kunoonekwa kwesimba kune mutengesi. Ndiwo manzwiro echokwadi uye ane musoro, kunyangwe kana data razvino richiratidza kuti zvabuda zvave zvisina kunaka.

Izvo zvinogona kuitwa nevatengi

Kunzwisisa tekinoroji kunobatsira. Kuita pakunzwisisa uku kunonyanya kubatsira:

• Tarisa risiti yako.ESL dzakagadzirirwa kuenderana nerejista, asi zvikanganiso zvesoftware zvinoitika. Spot{{1}tarisa zvinhu zvishoma maererano nemutengo wesherufu kusvikira wavimba nehurongwa hwechitoro chako.
• Ziva mutemo wenyika yako we scanner.Nyika zhinji dzemuUS dzinoda kuti vatengesi varemekedze mutengo wakaderera wesherufu kana mutengo wekunyoresa kana mutsauko uripo - uye vamwe vachiraira chinhu chemahara kana muripo wemuripo kumutengi. TheNational Conference of State Legislaturesinochengetedza pfupiso yazvino yemitemo yekurongeka kwe scanner nenyika.
• Taura matambudziko anoramba aripo.Kana ukaona zvikanganiso zvemitengo zvakadzokororwa pane chimwe chitoro, zviudze kuhofisi yako yekudzivirira vatengi kana CFPB. Mishumo iyi inozivisa zvinokosheswa nemutemo.

Zvinorevei ESLs kune Zvitoro uye Vashandi

Mari yekuchengetedza uye ROI

Kune vatengesi, kutarisira mutengo pachiyero mutoro chaiwo wekushanda. Chitoro chikuru chegirosari chinotakura pakati pe20,000 ne50,000 SKUs, maererano neFood Industry Association (FMI). Kana mitengo yachinja - yekukwidziridzwa, kugadziridzwa kwemitengo yevanotengesa, kana mhinduro dzemakwikwi - vashandi vagara vachifamba nhanho dzose nekutsiva bepa rega rega rakakanganiswa.

NemaESL, maneja anogona kugadzirisa chitoro chemitengo-zvakafara mumaminitsi kubva paapp yenharembozha. Walmart yakataura kuti basa raimbotora shamwari mazuva maviri rinogona kupera mumaminitsi. Vatengesi vakazvimiririra vakashuma kuchengetedza angangoita 50 maawa ekushanda pasvondo. Kune avo vanoongorora nyaya yekudyara, anESL ROI Calculatorinogona kubatsira kuenzanisira nguva yekubhadhara pakatarisana nemitengo yepamberi, iyo inowanzoita $100,000 kusvika $200,000 kana kupfuura pachitoro.

Hungwaru mamarkdown uye shoma kutambisa chikafu

ESLs inoita kuti zvive nyore zvakanyanya kudzikisa mitengo pazvinhu zvinoparara sezvavanosvika pakupera. Nemapepa ma tag, kumaka pasi mashoma gumi nemaviri yogurts kunoda kuti mumwe munhu adhinde uye kutsiva muviri wega label. NemaESL, chikamu-kudonha kwemitengo kwakakura kunotora masekonzi.

Sanders naStamatopoulos vakawana mutsvakurudzo yavo ya2025 kuti dhizaini yakawedzera zvishoma mushure mekutora ESL - zvinoenderana nezvitoro zvinoshandisa tekinoroji kufambisa zvinoparara nemazvo pane kukwidza mitengo. Kuti uwane maonero akajeka ekuti seimasherufu emagetsi masherufu anofambisa mashandiro ekutengesa, iyo inoparara inoshandisa kesi ndeimwe yeinonyanya kutengeserana inomanikidza.

Mubvunzo wemabasa

Vashandi vane mubvunzo wepamutemo pano. ESLs inoderedza kudiwa kweimwe chaiyo basa: nemaoko kutsiva mapepa emitengo. Vatengesi vanowanzo tsanangura izvi sekuendesa patsva pane kubvisa - vashandi vaimbopedza maawa vachitsiva label vanogona kutamirwa kubasa revatengi, stocking, kana kuodha kuzadzisa.

Kunyangwe iko kuendeswazve kunoitika chaizvo, uye pachiyero chipi muindasitiri, chinhu chinotora makore kuti chionekwe. Kuti uwane mufananidzo wakazara weelectronic sherufu labels 'chaiwo mari- kusanganisira kuti ndiani anotakura basa rekuchinja basa - mhinduro yechokwadi ndeyokuti -zvinoita basa kwenguva refu zvinoramba zvisina kujeka.

Regulation: Ndiani Ari Kutarisa?

Zvataurwa nevemutemo

Kupindura kwezvematongerwo enyika kwave kushanda. Muna 2024, maseneta Warren naCasey vakadana Kroger kuti amise kuwedzera kweESL achimirira mitemo yemitengo yakajeka. Vamiriri vematunhu vakati wandei vakaongorora mabhiri anorambidza kudiwa{{3}kuchienderana nemitengo yezvinhu zvakakosha. Kubva pakati-2026, hapana mutemo wemubatanidzwa wakanangana nemaESL wakadzikwa - asi nyaya inoramba iri pamusangano weradar.

Mubvunzo wekutonga hausi wekuti maESL ari pamutemo. Ivo zvakajeka vari. Mubvunzo ndewekuti kushandiswa chaiko kwe-kugona kwemitengo yenguva kungave kukwira kwemitengo pasi pemutemo uripo wekuchengetedza vatengi. Mutsetse iwoyo uchiri kugadzirwa. Kuongorora ikozvino kuti seiESL dynamic mitengoinopindirana nemaitiro ekudzora, mufananidzo uri kubuda.

Ko vatengesi vazvipira

Vese Walmart naKroger vakataura pachena kuti masisitimu avo ESL haashandise mitengo yekuwedzera uye kuti mitengo inowirirana kune vese vatengi muchitoro chakapihwa, zvisinei nenguva yezuva kana kuti ndiani ari kutenga.

"Mabhii aya anongova chishandiso chemazuva ano chekubatsira vatinoshamwaridzana navo kuita mabasa avo zviri nani," Walmart akadaro. "Mutengo waunoona wakafanana kune wese muchitoro chero chipi zvacho."

Kroger akaramba zvakafanana kuita mitengo yekuda kusimba, achitsanangura kushandiswa kwavo kweESL sekunangana nekutonga kwezvinhu uye kugonesa kukurumidza mamaki pazvinoparara.

Izvi zvisungo zvemakambani, kwete zvinotarisirwa. Kushaikwa kwemutemo kunoreva kuti vatengi vari kuvimba nevatengesi pachavo-kuzvizivisa uye kuongorora zvidzidzo - zvinova ndizvo chaizvo chikonzero nei tsvagiridzo yeSanders/Stamatopoulos ichikosha, uye nei kuramba kutarisisa kuchikosha.

Vatengi Vanofanira Kunetsekana NezveElectroniki Shelf Labels?

Humbowo hunoti: kwete nezvezvinhu chaizvo zvemusoro wenyaya yakanyevera nezvazvo.

Kutya kukwira kwemitengo kwanga kuri kwechokwadi uye kunonzwisisika - asi makore mashanu edatha muzvitoro zvinodarika zana, zvakaongororwa zvakanangana nemaitiro iwayo, zvakaona kuti hazvisi kuitika. Mafungiro ebhizinesi rekutengesa girosari anoita kuti risaite: miganho mitete, mutengo-vatengi vanonzwisisa, uye makwikwi anotyisa emuno haasiye mukana wakawanda wemhando yemitengo yekuedza inoshanda mukufambisa-kugovana kana kugamuchira vaeni.

Zvinoziviswa neESL - uye zvakafanira kuongororwa - zvine hudzamu hunochinja: mukana wemitengo yemunhu sezvo masisitimu ekuvimbika anokura zvakanyanya, mibvunzo nezve kuchengetwa kwedata, uye kana vatengesi venyaya yekuendesazve basa vari kuudza zvinonyatsoita.

Kutariswa kweruzivo ndiko kumira kwakakodzera. Tarisa marisiti ako, ziva mitemo yenyika yako scanner, uye tarisa kuti nhaurirano yemitemo inokura sei. Kune avo vanoda kunzwisisa zvizere zveelectronic shelf label solutionsuye nemafambisirwo adziri kuitwa muzvitoro zvakasiyana siyana, tekinoroji yakasiyana-siyana - uye inokwanisa zvikuru - pane zvinokurudzirwa nevatengi.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Zvitoro zvinogona kubhadharisa vanhu vakasiyana mitengo dzakasiyana vachishandisa masherufu emagetsi masherufu?

Kwete parizvino. Walmart naKroger vese vakasimbisa kuti mitengo inoratidzwa inowirirana kune vese vatengi muchitoro chakapihwa, zvisinei nekadhi rekuvimbika, nguva yezuva, kana zvimwe zvinhu. Tsvagurudzo yemudzidzi yakaongorora makore mashanu edatha yemitengo muzvitoro zvinodarika 100 yakawana pasina humbowo hwemunhu kana kudiwa-kunoenderana nemitengo inotevera kutorwa kweESL.

Ndezvipi zvitoro zvegirosari zvino kushandisa masherufu emagetsi masherufu kuUS?

Walmart (2,300+ zvitoro uye zviri kuwedzera), Kroger, Whole Foods, Amazon Fresh, uye Schnucks ndevamwe vevatambi veUS vane mukurumbira. Magirosa mazhinji edunhu neakazvimirira akaaisawo. Maketani eEurope anosanganisira Carrefour, Rewe, naAlbert Heijn vakaashandisa kwemakumi emakore.

Mitengo ichave yakanyatsoenderana nemagetsi sherufu mavara?

Kazhinji, hongu. ESLs inobatanidza yakananga kuchitoro chePOS system, saka mutengo wesherufu uye mutengo wekunyoresa zvinogara zvakawiriraniswa. Izvi zvinobvisa kusapindirana kunoitika kana ma tag emapepa asina kuvandudzwa mushure mekunge kusimudzirwa kwapera - zvinowanzoitika zvekunetsekana kuripa. Kana mutsauko ukaitika, mitemo yakawanda yenyika scanner inokupa kodzero yekudzikira kwemitengo miviri. Ona chinyorwa chedu pachii chinoitika kana kuratidzwa kwemitengo kusina kunakayekodzero dzevatengi dzinobatanidzwa.

Mapepa esherufu emagetsi ari nani kune zvakatipoteredza?

Pachiyero, pamwe hongu - kunyangwe paine mahwanda. ESL inobvisa kushandiswa kwemategi emapepa pamamiriyoni emasherufu, uye e-ink zviratidziro zvinoshandisa simba shoma pakurarama kwavo. Chipoindi chikuru ndeye-marara kana zvishandiso zvinozoda kutsiviwa. Nenguva yeupenyu yemakore 5–10, -pagore kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakadzikira zvikuru pane-mashandisirwo emamwe mapepa ekushandisa kamwe chete, asi kuguma{10}}kwe{11}}kuparara kwehupenyu hunoramba hwakakosha.

Masherufu esherufu emagetsi achadhurisa vashandi mabasa avo here?

Iyo tekinoroji inoderedza rimwe chairo basa: nemaoko kutsiva mapepa ematengo ematengo. Vatengesi vanowanzo tsanangura izvi sekutumirazve - kufambisa vashandi kune vatengi, zvitoro, kana kuzadzikiswa - pane kubviswa zvachose. Izvo-zvinoita basa renguva refu muindasitiri yese hazvina chokwadi. Izvo zvinoenderana nekuti vatengesi vega vanosarudza sei kuendesa zvakare maawa avanopora, ayo anozosiyana zvakanyanya neketani nemusika.

Masherufu esherufu emagetsi anogara kwenguva yakareba sei?

MaESL mazhinji anoshandisa e-zviratidziro zveingi zvinoshandisa magetsi chete kana mufananidzo watsva. Bhatiri rakajairika rinogara makore 5-10. Madhizaini acho akagadzirirwa nguva imwe cheteyo pasi pezvinhu zvakajairika zvekutengesa, zvichiita kuti ive yenguva refu-yekudyara kwezvivakwa kwete kutenga.

KwakabvaUC San Diego / UT Austin mitengo yekudzidza (Sanders & Stamatopoulos, 2025); Grand View Research ESL data yemusika (2024);Warren-Casey tsamba kuna Kroger (Nyamavhuvhu 2024); FMI - The Food Industry Association; Walmart uye Kroger corporate kutaurirana.